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Ramadan (also Ramadhan, Ramadaan ,
Ramazan ) is the ninth month of the
Islamic calendar. It is the Islamic
month of fasting, in which
participating Muslims refrain from
eating, drinking and sexual
relations from dawn until sunset.
Fasting is intended to teach Muslims
about patience, humility, and
spirituality. It is a time for
Muslims to fast for the sake of God
and to offer more prayer than usual.
During Ramadan, Muslims ask
forgiveness for past sins, pray for
guidance and help in refraining from
everyday evils, and try to purify
themselves through self-restraint
and good deeds. As compared to the
solar calendar, the dates of Ramadan
vary, moving backwards about eleven
days each year depending on the
moon. Muslims believe Ramadan to be
an auspicious month for the
revelations of God to humankind,
being the month in which the first
verses of the Qur'an were revealed
to the Islamic prophet, Muhammad.
The
name "Ramadan" had been the name of
the ninth month in Arabian culture
long before the arrival of Islam;
the word itself derived from an
Arabic root rm, as in words like
denoting intense heat, scorched
ground and shortness of rations. In
the Qur'an, God proclaims that
"fasting has been written down (as
obligatory) upon you, as it was upon
those before you". According to the
earliest hadith, this refers to the
Jewish practice of fasting on Yom
Kippur.
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